Because of rapid changes in society we are increasingly aware of the better health care. The advanced role of nursing is emphasized the solution of man´s basic problems which are defined as physical, psychological, social, environmental, and educational.
The needs of the patient must be thoroughly understand before an effective nursing program´ can be carried out.
Present practices are inadequate for the needs of mothers in a pluralistic society. The professional nurse must understand the importance of the family unit in maternal and child health care. High quality care must be given to the maternity patient antenatally, intrapartally,. and postpartally. Administering quality care of maternity nursing insures the future health, of mothers, children, and family.
In addition to the pleasure, the mothers experience through pregnancy, delivery, and nursingof their babies, they must also understand soniething of the condition of a new family structure, role of a mother, and husband as a father role, too.
After giving birth the mothers often experience ambivalent feelings such as emotional excitement, hate, achievement, and failure so on. But they seldom state their physical or emotional problems.
Therefore it is very important to understand the needs of mothers during the lying-in period and puerperium in order to develop good maternal and child health care.This means diagnosing the needs of the mother, and also planning for further follow up care. Diagnosing the needs of the mothers will be helpful to decide the educational planning for maternity care.
Aims and objective.
It aims to understand the various nursing needs and characteristics, social status of the mothers in this sample. This study will help to improve the nursing plan for the care of mothers during the lying-in and puerperium periods.
To achieve the purpose of this study -it has the specific objectives as follows:
1) To make datas of characteristics of postpartum and. social status of mothers
2) To analyze the nursing needs of mot hers during lying-in penoa of hospitalization
3) To analyze the nursing needs of mothers 6 weeks after delivery
4) To explore the changes in nursing needs of mothers between the lying-in period and that period 6 weeks after delivery
5) To analyze the relationship` of ´ nursing needs of mothers according to their social status in this group
lethodoloPy
The data for this study was collected by means of questionnaires administered during interviews with the mothers once during the lying-in period and again at their home 6 weeks after delivery.
This sampling included 103 mothers.
Data of the two questionnaires was analyzed using the X2-test and t-test methods.
Results
1) General characteristics of mothers:
57% of the mothers were 25-27 years old, 67% of them were educated to college level, the living condition was above middle class in 93%, the sampling showed the nuclear family structure in 81% of the cases, and 50% of them had only one child.
2) The nursing needs of mothers during lying-in period as follows:
1. Physical needs; Perineal cleaning (69.9%), Tub bath (68%), Breast cleaning (66%), Hair shampoo (65%), Mouth and face cleaning (54.4%).
2. Psychological needs; Anxiety of baby´s wellbeing care (61.2%), Confidence of child rearing practices (32%), Keeping the ´feminine figure (31. 1%), Understanding the newborn´s growth & development (30.4%), Fears about ´happening complications (21.4%).
3. Social needs, 56.3% of mothers desired to participate regular working condition.
4. Educational needs; Emergency care of newborn baby (59.2%), Newborn´s growth & development (49.5%), Breast care (44.7%), Immunization (41.7%), Good relationships between brothers & sisters (41.7%).
5. Environmental needs;
Hospital,
Ward temperature (36.9%), Fresh air (33%), Hospital foods (30.1%), Removal of noise (20.4%), Not restrict the baby´s visiting time (18.4%).
Home,
Hot sits bath facilities (50.5%), Keeping room temperature for baby (34%), Booklets for maternal & child health improvement (34%), Keeping room humidity (29. 1%), To have health clinics in near area (22.3%).
3) The nursing needs of ´mothers during the period-6 weeks after delivery as follows:
1. Physical needs; Confident physical` motion W.7%), Removal of-backache-(4A8%), Removal of hemorroidal pain (33%), Sound sleep during night (30.1%), Rest during the day time (26.2%).
2. Psychological needs; Anxiety of baby´s wellbeing care (52.4%), Keeping the feminine figure (38.8%), Confidence of postpartal self care (13.6%), Fears about happening. complications (12.6%), Confidence of child rearing practices(11. 7%).
3. Social needs; 22.3% of mothers felt the difficulties to participate social activity due to child rearing practice and postpartum self care. 61.2% of mothers wanted to participate regular social activity.
4. Educational needs; Family. planning (57.3%), Good relationships between brothers and sisters (38.8%), Immunization (33%), Postpartal exercise (30. 1%), Newborn´s growth & development (24.3%).
5, Environmental needs:
Hospital,
Ward temperature (37.9%), Fresh air (31.1%), Removal of noise (25.5%), Hospital foods (24.3%), Good facilitated hospital (23.3%). Home,
Hot sits bath facilities (52.4%), Booklets for maternal & child health improvement (40.8%), To have health clinics in near area (35:9%), Room humidity (34%), Constructional home situation` for self care (32%).
4) The changes of the needs of mothers between the two periods were as follows:
1. Physical needs of mothers between the period of lying-in period and 6 weeks after delivery were statistically significant. (t=9.28, d. f =102, p<0. 05)
2. Psychological needs of mothers between the two periods of time were statistically significant. (t=3.19, d. f. =102, -P<0.05).
3. Educational needs of mothers between the two periods of time were statistically significant. (t=5.72, d. f. =102, P 4. Environmental needs of mothers at home were statistically significant. (t=2.10, d. f. =102, p<0.05).
5) The relationship of general characteristics and various needs of mothers between the two periods were as follows:
1. Psychological needs of lying-in period mothers increased with age.. it is statistically significant. (x2=8.62, d. f. =2, P<0.05)
2. Educational needs of mother during the lying-in period increased when they had a smaller number of children. (x2=6.63, d.f. =2, p<0.05)
3. Hospital and home environmental needs of mothers during lying-in period increased when they had only a high school education. It is statistically significant. (Hospital; x2=9.15, d. f. =2, p<0.05) (Home; x2=12.58, d. f. =1, p<0.05) .
4. Working mothers in both periods showed an increased need to, participate in socioeconomic activities. It is statistically significant. (Hospital; x2=17.40, d.f. =1, P0.05) (-Home, x2=24.99, .f.-J, p<0.05).
5. I-Tome environmental needs of mothers increased as their living standard improved. It: is statistically significant. (x2=7.65, d.f. =2, p<0.05)
6. The socio-economic needs are increased when the mothers have problems concerningliving condition, but the mothers who have no problems have no special socio-economic
needs. It is statistically significant. (x2=4.23, d.f. =1, p<0.05).
7. The need for education increases when the mothers have problems concerning living conditions. It is statistically significant. (x2=8.45, d. f. =1, p 8. Mothers who expressed concern over problems during the lying-in period have increased needs, concerning their home environmental conditions. (x2=7.54, d,f. . =1, p<0. 05)
Conclusion
It was found that there were different needs for mothers during the lying-in period´ and the period 6 weeks after delivery of puerperal mothers.
Specific needs could not be found for the mothers during the period 6 weeks after delivery in this study. Therefore, we need to concentrate on making plans based on this information, for mothers care during the lying-in period.
It is also necessary that through more detailed study we discover the specific needs of the. mothers during the period 6 weeks after delivery.
In order to develop a truly worthwhile plan for maternity nursing care the needs of both; periods need to be carefully considered.
This study will not only be of value in planning a more. effective maternity nursing care program but may also serve as a source of educational material in the field of maternalchild health care.
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